Regarding emergency water supply and fire fighting, what is IMHO needed is a large number of basic fire engines. A SLIGHTLY updated version of these
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_God ... 20operated
Must be simple to use and robust, intended for use by volunteers after only basic training.
Duplicated engine starting, probably electric start and cartridge start. Tolerant of poor quality fuel, preferably able to run on kerosene/heating oil.
4 wheel drive, at least.
Able to tow a heavy trailer that contains another pump, extra hose, or other supplies.
A built in fire pump and a portable pump.
At least 1,000 metres of standard delivery hose.
Able to run the pump at full power for at least 24 hours without replenishment or servicing.
Operable by two men for water pumping, but able to carry a crew of six for fire fighting.
"Installers and owners of emergency diesels must assume that they will have to run for a week or more"