Writing the unthinkable in the Telegraph
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These tables are all very nice but they ignore reality.
Bank1 expects a return on its loan. Lending money to bank2 is unlikely generate that return if bank2 just lends a fraction of it away to bank3.
You need to factor in not just the theoretical lending line but also the ability to pay the interest on the loan based on the likely return from investing the amount borrowed.
Bank2 needs assets of value to cover its liability to bank1 before it gets to borrow anything.
Sure banks do lend to each other but they do so against assets or bonds that cover the debt.
I should imagine that Barclays' figures are a result of a collapse of their asset values rather than a reflection of their ability to magic money. I believe at one time assets used to go up in value as well as down.
Bank1 expects a return on its loan. Lending money to bank2 is unlikely generate that return if bank2 just lends a fraction of it away to bank3.
You need to factor in not just the theoretical lending line but also the ability to pay the interest on the loan based on the likely return from investing the amount borrowed.
Bank2 needs assets of value to cover its liability to bank1 before it gets to borrow anything.
Sure banks do lend to each other but they do so against assets or bonds that cover the debt.
I should imagine that Barclays' figures are a result of a collapse of their asset values rather than a reflection of their ability to magic money. I believe at one time assets used to go up in value as well as down.
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Banks main assets are property and they see the property market dropping, in fact they know the property market will drop because they are not lending into it!! The main source of the money that they lend into the property market is the amount that they magic into existence when you sign your mortgage documents. That tie on your property is their asset against which they can lend. We haven't had very high money inflation but there has been a huge inflation in property prices: they are a bubble and one which is about to burst. That's why the banks need £350 billion in increased capital holdings.
We're not saying that banks primarily loan to each other; it's just one of the minor things that they do. The fact that they aren't is a symptom of how worried they are about their, banks, financial stability.
Their ability to magic money hasn't decreased just their willingness. They have to have confidence that they will be repaid and given the above they are fairly certain that they won't be. So, no new loans, especially to business unless it is accompanied by a tie on a very large asset. If the equity on a businessman's house isn't big enough and he's not prepared to sign over that house he won't get a loan.
This is why the government has to start spending magic money into the system if they want to get things going again. I, and you, know that the system will break completely soon and that it is useless to try and save it. But my motivation is that if they spend on new well insulated housing and on insulating the current housing stock at least when it does break there will be a large number of houses which are liveable without fossil fuel heating. That will make a huge difference to our survivability post crash.
Now then, JSD, you might as well agree that you now see the truth of Money as Debt. From that last post it's plain to see that you're faltering!
We're not saying that banks primarily loan to each other; it's just one of the minor things that they do. The fact that they aren't is a symptom of how worried they are about their, banks, financial stability.
Their ability to magic money hasn't decreased just their willingness. They have to have confidence that they will be repaid and given the above they are fairly certain that they won't be. So, no new loans, especially to business unless it is accompanied by a tie on a very large asset. If the equity on a businessman's house isn't big enough and he's not prepared to sign over that house he won't get a loan.
This is why the government has to start spending magic money into the system if they want to get things going again. I, and you, know that the system will break completely soon and that it is useless to try and save it. But my motivation is that if they spend on new well insulated housing and on insulating the current housing stock at least when it does break there will be a large number of houses which are liveable without fossil fuel heating. That will make a huge difference to our survivability post crash.
Now then, JSD, you might as well agree that you now see the truth of Money as Debt. From that last post it's plain to see that you're faltering!
Action is the antidote to despair - Joan Baez
90% to 97% of money is credit money. Electronic money created by the Commercial Banks and used to transact. 90% is the conservative estimate. That means only 10 to 3% of money has originally been created by the BoE. That 3-10% has been fairly constant until QE. the 90-97% created money started climbing in the 1970s and went up sharply from the mid-1990s.
JSD:
I don't think it's possible to be able to say that this is 100% how it works. I don't even think someone well-placed in the bank can say this: specialisation and using a computer user interface designed to make things as easy as possible for the employee.
What we're saying is this is roughly what happens. In reality, lags and leakages happen. Maybe some technical details are wrong. But I think what actually happens is approximately mirrored by what's been said.
JSD:
I don't think it's possible to be able to say that this is 100% how it works. I don't even think someone well-placed in the bank can say this: specialisation and using a computer user interface designed to make things as easy as possible for the employee.
What we're saying is this is roughly what happens. In reality, lags and leakages happen. Maybe some technical details are wrong. But I think what actually happens is approximately mirrored by what's been said.
Amen to that.But my motivation is that if they spend on new well insulated housing and on insulating the current housing stock at least when it does break there will be a large number of houses which are liveable without fossil fuel heating. That will make a huge difference to our survivability post crash.
For the system to work as I have outlined, banks don't need to lend each other anything (assuming they all had equal access to CB money). They could lend it all out to domestic customers who then place it as deposits in other banks who then lend it out. Either way, the other banks get their hands on the funny money.JavaScriptDonkey wrote:These tables are all very nice but they ignore reality.
Bank1 expects a return on its loan. Lending money to bank2 is unlikely generate that return if bank2 just lends a fraction of it away to bank3.
You need to factor in not just the theoretical lending line but also the ability to pay the interest on the loan based on the likely return from investing the amount borrowed.
Bank2 needs assets of value to cover its liability to bank1 before it gets to borrow anything.
Sure banks do lend to each other but they do so against assets or bonds that cover the debt.
I should imagine that Barclays' figures are a result of a collapse of their asset values rather than a reflection of their ability to magic money. I believe at one time assets used to go up in value as well as down.
Indeed, you don't even need other banks. The system as described works in exactly the same way with just the one bank and a CB. If you can't work out why, I'll explain.
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But there is a problem with the concept.kenneal - lagger wrote: Now then, JSD, you might as well agree that you now see the truth of Money as Debt. From that last post it's plain to see that you're faltering!
If you believe that retail banks can produce magic money by lending out more than they have ever had assets to cover then you are suggesting that the cost of the loans to the bank is effectively zero.
If the loan money isn't money that the bank owe to somebody else already then it will have no affect on their real liabilities if you don't repay them.
Let's start bank1 with £100 and immediately loan out a mortgage for £900, rubbing our hands with glee as the interest rolls in. We can add the value of the mortgage as an asset and hopefully attract more investment.
If the debtor defaults we get to keep their house. If we can't recover the full loan value from the sale (as with the sub-prime mortgage collapse) then not to worry as we can simply write off the bad debt as a tax adjustment and sell a new loan to someone else based on the £100 we still have.
Lack of liquidity is what causes banking collapses and it is liquidity that the increased FRB reserves are designed to enhance.
Having waded through Grignon's weasel words where he counters this very criticism it looks as though he has decided that what he describes in his film just relates to physical cash reserves rather than asset reserves.
I have no idea how much folding cash a bank has to keep in its vaults to satisfy demand or the law but I know that the figure is going to be a small fraction of its operating reserves held in bonds and other assets.
JavaScriptDonkey wrote:But there is a problem with the concept.kenneal - lagger wrote: Now then, JSD, you might as well agree that you now see the truth of Money as Debt. From that last post it's plain to see that you're faltering!
If you believe that retail banks can produce magic money by lending out more than they have ever had assets to cover then you are suggesting that the cost of the loans to the bank is effectively zero.
If the loan money isn't money that the bank owe to somebody else already then it will have no affect on their real liabilities if you don't repay them.
Let's start bank1 with £100 and immediately loan out a mortgage for £900, rubbing our hands with glee as the interest rolls in. We can add the value of the mortgage as an asset and hopefully attract more investment.
If the debtor defaults we get to keep their house. If we can't recover the full loan value from the sale (as with the sub-prime mortgage collapse) then not to worry as we can simply write off the bad debt as a tax adjustment and sell a new loan to someone else based on the £100 we still have.
Lack of liquidity is what causes banking collapses and it is liquidity that the increased FRB reserves are designed to enhance.
Having waded through Grignon's weasel words where he counters this very criticism it looks as though he has decided that what he describes in his film just relates to physical cash reserves rather than asset reserves.
I have no idea how much folding cash a bank has to keep in its vaults to satisfy demand or the law but I know that the figure is going to be a small fraction of its operating reserves held in bonds and other assets.
Ok
Let's take this one step at a time in order to establish precisely which bit you take specific issue with and when:
1) Do you accept that central banks create base money for our economy either by buying it in from outside the system via the issuance of government bonds or, if they wish, by directly creating it from scratch with mechanisms such as QE.
2) Do you accept that the banks who take out loans of base money from the CB can then lend out a proportion of it to other banks and/or non-banks customers based on their fractional reserve requirements?
3) Do you accept that either:
non-bank customers are either going to deposit the money they have borrowed into a bank or are they going to spend the money such that the recipient (or some recipient at some point down the chain of transactions) is going to deposit the money into a bank, thus allowing the recipient banks to declare that loaned money that has been deposited with them on their books as a part of their assets and thus increase their fractional reserve?
or
other banks who have directly borrowed the money from the first bank in the chain are going to be able to declare their loaned money as an asset on their books and thus increase their fractional reserves?
4) Do you accept that in either or both instances of (3), the increased fractional reserves of the banks having received previously loaned money means that they can now lend more money out than was the case prior to their receipt of it?
5) Do you accept that all of the above processes will, unless there is a direct regulatory intervention, continue until all capacity to wring a return out of deposits received (within the fractional reserve requirements) is exhausted. In other words, until infinity is approached?
It's not good enough to whitter something along the lines of "but it doesn't make sense, so it can't be right". You need to be specific in your assertion that what has been put to you is incorrect, otherwise it begins to look like you are obfuscating.
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Very well put Steve but I think you're wasting your time. This has been explained to JSD numerous times and each time the thread follows the same path. I can only think it's deliberate on his/her part. Why? I don't know.
But I'm sure that JSD = Troll/Sock puppet
And I agree with some of what JSD posts so it isn't that I'm throwing a tantrum because we have differing viewpoints, as has been suggested elsewhere. There are others I have my doubts about as well but they tend to be more fun.
But I'm sure that JSD = Troll/Sock puppet
And I agree with some of what JSD posts so it isn't that I'm throwing a tantrum because we have differing viewpoints, as has been suggested elsewhere. There are others I have my doubts about as well but they tend to be more fun.
Scarcity is the new black
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No Steve, the world rarely resolves to the artificial choices you offer. Perhaps it will be clearer if we go back to where we started?
If you run a bank you CANNOT add magic money to your balance sheet simply because someone wants to borrow it from you.
The contrary view was the crux of the statement ably put by UCE and seemingly agreed with by everyone apart from me.
I think I have managed to convince you all that it is just central banks that get to create money.
Once you have money deposited with you (we'll deal with the sources later) you can make loans to other entities. You CANNOT simply multiply your assets by X and decide to loan that out. You are also mandated to always retain a FRACTION of your total assets as your RESERVE. Hence the name Fractional Reserve Banking.
Now to the loans.
When a bank makes a loan it does so in expectation of a return. When somebody takes a loan they have to pay it back with interest. They also generally have a purchase plan for the money that involves the transfer of assets between parties. The loan amount will end up in a bank account but the asset has also changed hands. A transfer of wealth has occurred.
The bank loaned money out that was counted as part of its assets. The money was used to buy a thing and ended up as a deposit asset in another bank. The original bank is still owed the money by the borrower and that debt must be paid. The money that the borrower pays off the debt with comes, surprise, surprise, from the assets of another bank.
That is the bit that your tables don't show - you never account for where the money comes from to pay off the debts. Not the potentially unpayable original CB debt but the very real debt that comes in the shape of your mortgage.
Bank2, now with the loan value added to their assets can forget entirely where the money came from because it has just passed through the hands of bank1. Bank1 didn't make the money. The money had already been deposited in bank1 before it could lend it out. Bank2's tenure can even be viewed as completely separate from bank1 as though the money came direct from the CB. Bank1's interest in the money has ceased. Bank1 now has a loan on it's books that it being services by reducing some other bank's assets.
The multiplier effect of FRB is in liquidity. It allows capital on deposit in mostly static accounts to be leant back out into the economy.
What scared the banks to death and almost caused fiscal collapse was that the banks had foolishly invested in assets that were suddenly worthless. They were now unable to fulfill their FRB obligations and knew damn well that other banks were equally strapped for cash.
What you are suggesting is that if I loan you £20 then I still have that £20 as a loan asset and you have it as well as capital. You are forgetting that you have to pay it off and that I no longer have it.
In the scratch chart below there is only ever £1000. It looks like there is more money as the original £1000 is loaned down the chain but it is a mathematical mistake. You only see more money if you forget that the loans have to be repaid and if they aren't that represents a loss.
(R = reserves, L = Loans made, TA = Ttl Assets)
_R___L_____TA.........R___L____TA............R____L__TA
1000_0____1000.......0____0____0.............0____0___0
100__900__1000.......900__0____900..........0____0___0
100__900__1000.......90___810__900..........810__0___810
If you still believe that banks make money out of thin air when they make loans then try refusing to pay off your mortgage on the grounds that the money didn't ever exist and see how far you get.
<edited - damn graph spacings>
If you run a bank you CANNOT add magic money to your balance sheet simply because someone wants to borrow it from you.
The contrary view was the crux of the statement ably put by UCE and seemingly agreed with by everyone apart from me.
I think I have managed to convince you all that it is just central banks that get to create money.
Once you have money deposited with you (we'll deal with the sources later) you can make loans to other entities. You CANNOT simply multiply your assets by X and decide to loan that out. You are also mandated to always retain a FRACTION of your total assets as your RESERVE. Hence the name Fractional Reserve Banking.
Now to the loans.
When a bank makes a loan it does so in expectation of a return. When somebody takes a loan they have to pay it back with interest. They also generally have a purchase plan for the money that involves the transfer of assets between parties. The loan amount will end up in a bank account but the asset has also changed hands. A transfer of wealth has occurred.
The bank loaned money out that was counted as part of its assets. The money was used to buy a thing and ended up as a deposit asset in another bank. The original bank is still owed the money by the borrower and that debt must be paid. The money that the borrower pays off the debt with comes, surprise, surprise, from the assets of another bank.
That is the bit that your tables don't show - you never account for where the money comes from to pay off the debts. Not the potentially unpayable original CB debt but the very real debt that comes in the shape of your mortgage.
Bank2, now with the loan value added to their assets can forget entirely where the money came from because it has just passed through the hands of bank1. Bank1 didn't make the money. The money had already been deposited in bank1 before it could lend it out. Bank2's tenure can even be viewed as completely separate from bank1 as though the money came direct from the CB. Bank1's interest in the money has ceased. Bank1 now has a loan on it's books that it being services by reducing some other bank's assets.
The multiplier effect of FRB is in liquidity. It allows capital on deposit in mostly static accounts to be leant back out into the economy.
What scared the banks to death and almost caused fiscal collapse was that the banks had foolishly invested in assets that were suddenly worthless. They were now unable to fulfill their FRB obligations and knew damn well that other banks were equally strapped for cash.
What you are suggesting is that if I loan you £20 then I still have that £20 as a loan asset and you have it as well as capital. You are forgetting that you have to pay it off and that I no longer have it.
In the scratch chart below there is only ever £1000. It looks like there is more money as the original £1000 is loaned down the chain but it is a mathematical mistake. You only see more money if you forget that the loans have to be repaid and if they aren't that represents a loss.
(R = reserves, L = Loans made, TA = Ttl Assets)
_R___L_____TA.........R___L____TA............R____L__TA
1000_0____1000.......0____0____0.............0____0___0
100__900__1000.......900__0____900..........0____0___0
100__900__1000.......90___810__900..........810__0___810
If you still believe that banks make money out of thin air when they make loans then try refusing to pay off your mortgage on the grounds that the money didn't ever exist and see how far you get.
<edited - damn graph spacings>
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Well obviously because you are wrong and I feel the need to explain the reality to you.SleeperService wrote:Very well put Steve but I think you're wasting your time. This has been explained to JSD numerous times and each time the thread follows the same path. I can only think it's deliberate on his/her part. Why? I don't know.
And for my trouble I get called a socket puppet.
I think I enjoyed it more when I was a minion of some all powerful conspiracy with nothing better to do than sow the seeds of doubt in the minds of contributors to PS.
As if.
Nobody has made the case that a given individual bank is commiting a fraud by stating it has money when it doesn't have it. It really does have it (or, at least, it really does have something that is called money but is, in fact, merely credit). The fraud occurs at the systemic level by allowing banks to use the loans of other banks as a part of their fractional reserve when it has already been allocated to the loan side of that equation by those other banks further back/earlier on the chain.JavaScriptDonkey wrote:No Steve, the world rarely resolves to the artificial choices you offer. Perhaps it will be clearer if we go back to where we started?
If you run a bank you CANNOT add magic money to your balance sheet simply because someone wants to borrow it from you.
The contrary view was the crux of the statement ably put by UCE and seemingly agreed with by everyone apart from me.
I think I have managed to convince you all that it is just central banks that get to create money.
Once you have money deposited with you (we'll deal with the sources later) you can make loans to other entities. You CANNOT simply multiply your assets by X and decide to loan that out. You are also mandated to always retain a FRACTION of your total assets as your RESERVE. Hence the name Fractional Reserve Banking.
Now to the loans.
When a bank makes a loan it does so in expectation of a return. When somebody takes a loan they have to pay it back with interest. They also generally have a purchase plan for the money that involves the transfer of assets between parties. The loan amount will end up in a bank account but the asset has also changed hands. A transfer of wealth has occurred.
The bank loaned money out that was counted as part of its assets. The money was used to buy a thing and ended up as a deposit asset in another bank. The original bank is still owed the money by the borrower and that debt must be paid. The money that the borrower pays off the debt with comes, surprise, surprise, from the assets of another bank.
That is the bit that your tables don't show - you never account for where the money comes from to pay off the debts. Not the potentially unpayable original CB debt but the very real debt that comes in the shape of your mortgage.
Bank2, now with the loan value added to their assets can forget entirely where the money came from because it has just passed through the hands of bank1. Bank1 didn't make the money. The money had already been deposited in bank1 before it could lend it out. Bank2's tenure can even be viewed as completely separate from bank1 as though the money came direct from the CB. Bank1's interest in the money has ceased. Bank1 now has a loan on it's books that it being services by reducing some other bank's assets.
The multiplier effect of FRB is in liquidity. It allows capital on deposit in mostly static accounts to be leant back out into the economy.
What scared the banks to death and almost caused fiscal collapse was that the banks had foolishly invested in assets that were suddenly worthless. They were now unable to fulfill their FRB obligations and knew damn well that other banks were equally strapped for cash.
What you are suggesting is that if I loan you £20 then I still have that £20 as a loan asset and you have it as well as capital. You are forgetting that you have to pay it off and that I no longer have it.
In the scratch chart below there is only ever £1000. It looks like there is more money as the original £1000 is loaned down the chain but it is a mathematical mistake. You only see more money if you forget that the loans have to be repaid and if they aren't that represents a loss.
(R = reserves, L = Loans made, TA = Ttl Assets)
_R___L_____TA.........R___L____TA............R____L__TA
1000_0____1000.......0____0____0.............0____0___0
100__900__1000.......900__0____900..........0____0___0
100__900__1000.......90___810__900..........810__0___810
If you still believe that banks make money out of thin air when they make loans then try refusing to pay off your mortgage on the grounds that the money didn't ever exist and see how far you get.
<edited - damn graph spacings>
But, then, you already knew that didn't you.
You certainly have a talent for misdirection and obfuscation in order to avoid having to answer questions. Since you have failed to address a single one of the points that were put to you in my previous post, I think it is safe to say you are unable to contest them.
I would ask you to simply do the right thing and admit that. But we both know you are not going to. Nevertheless, your refusal do so is instructive to others who may read this thread.
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Can I ask a question?
Presumably there is more money in circulation (not just physical money but all money), than say 50 years ago - given the world economy is far larger now.
If the fractional reserve model isnt correct (eg the one java script is contesting is wrong) then where did all that money come from?
In the end, some institution conjured it out of thin air (where else?), and if they are making money out of it via interest - then we still have the same problem?
If they are not making money out of loaning money into existance - whose getting all these interest free loans? Or worse free money!?
Presumably there is more money in circulation (not just physical money but all money), than say 50 years ago - given the world economy is far larger now.
If the fractional reserve model isnt correct (eg the one java script is contesting is wrong) then where did all that money come from?
In the end, some institution conjured it out of thin air (where else?), and if they are making money out of it via interest - then we still have the same problem?
If they are not making money out of loaning money into existance - whose getting all these interest free loans? Or worse free money!?
TB
Peak oil? ahhh smeg.....
Peak oil? ahhh smeg.....
The base money has been increased by the central banks, presumably. However, the base money is a relatively small fraction of the total money in circulation. The majority of it is, as you say, lent into existence via FRB by the banks.Totally_Baffled wrote:Can I ask a question?
Presumably there is more money in circulation (not just physical money but all money), than say 50 years ago - given the world economy is far larger now.
If the fractional reserve model isnt correct (eg the one java script is contesting is wrong) then where did all that money come from?
In the end, some institution conjured it out of thin air (where else?), and if they are making money out of it via interest - then we still have the same problem?
If they are not making money out of loaning money into existence - whose getting all these interest free loans? Or worse free money!?
It's all a bit of a chicken and egg situation, though. Although we can say that the base money is introduced to the system by the central banks, the fact is they have no choice but to keep introducing it in a system of FRB. If they don't, the system promptly collapses due to repayment of the loan capital plus the interest being applied to the loans requiring more money than actually exists in the form of CB base-money and bank credit-money combined.
Last edited by Little John on 05 Nov 2012, 00:09, edited 1 time in total.
If a currency is supposed to represent the value of a country then as we keep producing things, wealth, the amount of currency has to be increased to keep up.
If this was not the case we would have an ever increasing amount of goods being chased by the same amount of money and therefore deflation and the death of manufacturing.
Probably
If this was not the case we would have an ever increasing amount of goods being chased by the same amount of money and therefore deflation and the death of manufacturing.
Probably
Precisely. One way or another, the money supply has been increased to map onto a growing economy. The only pertinent question is the mechanism by which that has been done. The very fact that the answer to that question is so mired in mystery and is so seldom clearly and unambiguously dealt with in the MSM is a cultural phenomenon in itself and is reason enough to be suspicious of the nature that mechanism.Catweazle wrote:If a currency is supposed to represent the value of a country then as we keep producing things, wealth, the amount of currency has to be increased to keep up.
If this was not the case we would have an ever increasing amount of goods being chased by the same amount of money and therefore deflation and the death of manufacturing.
Probably
It seems reasonably clear that base-money is created or imported by a central bank who then lend that money out to the commercial banking sector. Once the banks get hold of it, the FRB system as it stands allows them to re-lend it out several times until all returns are exhausted. By the time the process has completed, the total money supply (including bank lent-into-existence credit) is a significant multiple of the original CB base money.
At the systemic level, FRB is basically a legalised, double-accounting fraud.
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In the US, and possibly here too, you have the added stimulus of loans being packaged up and sold on as financial instruments. This enables the banks to lend even more money on the cash receipt and to get dodgy loans fraudulently off their books. That, and the fact that they were given the highest credit rating, is probably the biggest miss-selling scam ever and has not yet reached a court anywhere for some reason.
I don't know why we are trying to explain all this to ourselves when it is done brilliantly in the two Money As Debt films. Hopefully we have now managed to convert at least one Doubting Thomas.
I don't know why we are trying to explain all this to ourselves when it is done brilliantly in the two Money As Debt films. Hopefully we have now managed to convert at least one Doubting Thomas.
Action is the antidote to despair - Joan Baez